Part two of: The Age of Bricolage: School in the Change Blender:
In the early decades of 19th century England, years of war, economic hardship, crop failures and political repression incubated a spirit of rebellion that made the government nervous. Rather by chance, I discovered this year that I am a descendant of a luddite – an infamous rebel and the last person in England to be sentenced to be beheaded. In 1817, beguiled by a government spy, Isaac Ludlam – a Methodist minister past middle age – led a group of men armed with pikes, scythes and muskets on a march to unseat the government. They were stopped by the military and Ludlam was captured and convicted of treason. His sentence, and that of two of his companions, was to be hanged, drawn and quartered. The Prince Regent commuted the sentence to beheading. The trial and execution in Derby gaol was so vividly described by the poet Shelley that readers imagined he had been present.
Knowing that story has given me a new appreciation of luddites and I think it is time for a little revisionist history. It may be a bit of a stretch, but I think we need a new caste of educator luddites to help guide schools forward.
The luddites of the industrial revolution were craftsmen and artisans fighting against forces that would reshape their industry and impoverish them. They were not mindless louts but desperate men concerned for a future that they saw threatened by the mechanized factory system. They were resisting the destruction of their way of life, their livelihood and the deskilling of their labor
In Releasing the imagination Maxine Greene wrote of the notion of teaching “social imagination,” which she defined as “the capacity to invent visions of what should be and what might be in our deficient society, on the streets where we live, and in our schools” (p. 5).
I think we need to cultivate that process of social imagination, reclaim the label luddite from the pejorative and establish a whole new ethos of luddism in our schools.
The educator luddites I have in mind are people who have always understood school to be more than test prep and who see themselves as far more than the agents of a standardized testing industry. I see them leading the way to create inquiry driven schools where students and teachers are not too busy to think. Schools where the technology serves the learning rather than drives the teaching and where the demand for original work is a collaborative effort to solve compelling problems to which no one present knows the answer. In such a school, the curriculum is not driven by the textbook, the flow of information is not unidirectional, learning is networked and students and teachers work together across the boundaries of age and experience as active seekers, users and creators of knowledge. In this rosy picture, individual schools form a kind of globally aware and networked cottage industry of creative learning.
In order to start that journey we need a collective effort to figure out how to negotiate the changing world and make sense of it. Here, in a small collection of nutshells, are some observations about the context for the work:
This then is the sea in which schools can swim, or – if they allow themselves to become irrelevant – sink. Professor Wesch had his list and here is my list of some of the things that schools may need to begin to rethink:
Classroom and school design; the school day and the schedule; segregation of learners by age and rather than by interest, passion and commitment; the segregation of knowledge into subjects; grading and assessment; social relationships, adult learning, the role of teacher, peer-to-peer learning and the isolation of the learner; textbooks, curriculum development and the sources of information; the nature of literacy; the nature of learning, creativity and the place of technology; citizenship and community; teamwork, collaboration, plagiarism and cheating; digital footprints, transparency and privacy; partnership with parents other adult learners; learning in the world and learning in school; what counts and what gets counted and how and by whom; and the dress code. (I added the last item because sometimes it’s useful to have a topic that gets everyone thoroughly engaged and busily distracted from important work.)
Above all it means a definition of education as going beyond the acquisition of knowledge. Critical thinking and digital literacy are essential but they don’t go far enough. We need to educate children for active and ethical participation. They need to be contributors and creators of knowledge and that means engaging in solving real problems from the very start.
Change is always hard. Socrates feared the effects of literacy on memory. He argued against it as harmful to young minds, short circuiting the arduous intellectual work of examining life. The scholar Elizabeth Eisenstein, who has written extensively on the effect on the world of the Gutenberg and the print revolution, has said it may be too soon to assess the full impact of that centuries old shift. If it’s too soon to gauge the effect of printing then we can only dimly imagine the effects of social media and the digital age.
Media has transformed our society before, but never at this dizzying rate. The unforeseen and unintended consequences of this revolution that sweeps all before it loom for many as dark clouds threatening the very roots of civilization. And here we are – smack in the epicenter. Unless we want to take ourselves right off the grid we had better start trying to make sense of it.
Educator luddites will be those who can learn with others, in and out of school, against the grain of narrowing definitions and toward what it means to be an educated citizen in a networked world.
I think it is our collective task to engage in the work of social imagination and envision our schools as we want, and need, them to be.
For schools it means some hard work and we are going to need all the help we can get.
Eisenstein, Elizabeth, L. (1979) The printing press as an agent of change: communications and cultural transformations in early modern Europe (2 vols. ed.). Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press.
Postman, Neil, and Weingartner, Charles (1969), Teaching as a Subversive Activity, New York, NY: Dell
Greene, Maxine (1995). Releasing the imagination. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
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Josie, You seem to be broadly in agreement with Pynchon, who wrote an essay on Luddism and argued that modern Luddites have every reason to be excited about the latest trends in modern technology.
We would disagree. The latest trends in tech are part of a shift in culture and psychology that doesn't bode well for the political aspirations of the Luddites. It supports, rather than kicks against, a social order dominated by thoughtless and inhuman technical and commercial imperatives - just the sort of order that the Luddites risk their lives trying to overturn.
You want to reclaim the label "Luddite", but I think more needs to be said to justify using it in a rather uncritical affirmation of the silicon-based ecosystem.
BTW, "We have both an explosion of creativity". Do we? Where, for instance, are all the young people insisting on making their own music instead of downloading it?
Great post! Loved the notion that: "Above all it means a definition of education as going beyond the acquisition of knowledge. Critical thinking and digital literacy are essential but they don’t go far enough. We need to educate children for active and ethical participation. They need to be contributors and creators of knowledge and that means engaging in solving real problems from the very start."
Yes - would be interested to know if you think RTTT can take us further in this direction of whole brain learning for contributors and creators! Thoughts?
This is an insightful comment: intelligent, creative, building on the past, the present, the future. At times your position on the growing presence of digital technology isn't clear to me -- a threat, a bonus, a complex inevitability, or of course, d) all of the above. But we are all swimming in those murky and exciting cyber waters right now. I have very few worries about technology -- it's here, it's wired, get used to it. But as an educator in an elementary school, I certainly get the anxiety. Nonetheless, the greater risk is the gap between educators over 40 who fear USB cables and students under 20 who fear those teachers who still won't let them use a digital device to take notes on in class -- am guessing it's around 80%? What Will R quotes is one of the best excerpts I've read, and I passed it along to our academic leadership team. But I do believe that promoting Luddites in education is not quite the right tactic -- we have met the Luddites already, and no matter how they are defined and redefined -- they still number in the multi-millions. Let's look for the educational astronauts! Nonetheless - your writing is wonderful!
Hi Jacob - someone clever once remarked that "technology' is anything that wasn't around when you were growing up.
Thanks for your comment.
- Josie
Well put. Like a hammer or shovel, there is a great deal more to technology than simply using it.
Thanks for the great thoughts.
One more random thought:
If you don't read Doyle's Science Teacher blog, you should give it a whirl. Now there's a true thinking Luddite.
I won't pretend that I am a Luddite - though I do encourage my students to think critically about technology while also using the tools. I think the Greeks (Icarus, Pandora, Prometheus) had the right idea that often one cannot predict the outcomes of a medium ahead of time. I have my students read Neil Postman and ask hard questions about the role of technology in society.
I don't own an alarm clock. I bike to work. We eat from our garden. I don't own a cell phone. Yet, I use a coffee pot and we own a car and here I am typing on the computer.
I don't want the answers to be formed by fear, but I also want to avoid answers formed by ignorance. I don't think a binary either/or solution to technology is the answer. Instead, I want to live out the paradox of engaging with while also criticizing the techno-world.
Anyone who really gets to know technology will become at least part Luddite. Often times a Luddite will find it necessary to use technology as well.
Such a great post! Thanks.
Yup-this has brought me ought of the lurking shadows too. Brilliant, thoughtful and robust post. Where can I sign up to the movement of new educational Luddites? Great writing-keep it coming!
Really nicely said:
"The educator luddites I have in mind are people who have always understand school to be more than test prep and who see themselves as far more than the agents of a standardized testing industry. I see them leading the way to create inquiry driven schools where students and teachers are not too busy to think. Schools where the technology serves the learning rather than drives the teaching and where the demand for original work is a collaborate effort to solve compelling problems to which no one present knows the answer. In such a school, the curriculum is not driven by the textbook, the flow of information is not unidirectional, learning is networked and students and teachers work together across the boundaries of age and experience as active seekers, users and creators of knowledge. In this rosy picture, individual schools form a kind of globally aware and networked cottage industry of creative learning."
That pretty much gets it.